AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which play a crucial role in protecting the body against infections. As the virus weakens the immune system over time, the body becomes more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
AIDS is the most severe stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely compromised immune system, typically defined by a CD4 cell count of fewer than 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, or the presence of certain opportunistic infections or cancers. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS in several years, but with effective antiretroviral therapy, individuals living with HIV can maintain their health and prevent the progression to AIDS.
The disease is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. AIDS remains a major global health issue, but advancements in medicine have improved the prognosis and quality of life for many affected individuals.
UNAIDS head Winnie Byanyima warns of a potential drastic rise in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by 2029. Projected new HIV infections could reach 8.7 million, while AIDS-related deaths…